Status: Widely scattered in southern England, rare in Wales, not recorded from Scotland or Ireland.
Habitat: Various
Host plant: Many wild and cultivated Brassicaceae
Overwintering: As adults in moss, leaf-mould, bird's nests, and under bark.
Food: Adults on leaves, larvae at roots (both may damage crops)
Other notes: Adults parasitised by the braconid wasp Perilitus areolatus. Separated from P. atra & P. punctulata by head punctures and aedeagus.

Status: Widespread but patchy in southern England and the Midlands; a few old records from Wales & Scotland, none from Ireland. Scarce (Notable B)
Habitat: Various
Host plant: Many wild and cultivated Brassiciaceae, also nasturtiums (Tropaeolum spp.) and wild mignonette (Reseda lutea)
Overwintering: As adults in leaf-mould, dead wood and among grass roots
Food: Adults on leaves (may damage seedlings of crop plants), larvae at roots, down to 25cm.
Other notes: Adults parasitised by braconid wasps Perilitus areolatus, P. vittatae and P. bicolor, and the nematode Howardula phyllotretae. Superficially similar to P. atra, but this is black.

Status: Widely scattered in (mainly southern) England, a few (mainly old) records elsewhere.
Habitat: Various
Host plant: Various wild and cultivated Brassicaceae
Overwintering: As adults
Food: Adults on leaves (may damage seedlings of commercial crops), larvae probably at roots.
Other notes: Adults parasitised by a nematode Howardula sp. Separated from P. nigripes by details of head punctures, antennal segments and aedeagus.

Status: Widespread (very rare in Scotland)
Habitat: various (with or near water)
Host plant: Various Brassicaceae
Overwintering: As adults in moss, grass tussocks and under bark.
Food: Adults on leaves, larvae probably at roots.